There was constant "churn" with about one third of the men leaving before the British withdrawal. Perhaps the most notorious reprisal involving the Auxiliary Division was the burning of Cork on 11 December 1920. How you search for RIC records depends on whether you are looking for the records of a person or records of the work and administration of the service. 1921 Feb 9. About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features NFL Sunday Ticket Press Copyright . A military court of inquiry was held, and Captain W. L. King, commanding officer of F Company ADRIC, was arrested for the killings. District Inspectors. 2 Section, 'C' Company, Auxiliary Division Royal Irish Constabulary, 28 November 1920 | Historical Research | Oxford Academic Abstract. I had to construct that in order to slot the random collection of facts (often rambling, but usually with a semblance of truth) that emerges from Irish newspapers, English newspapers, IRA "Witness Statements", National Archive material, genealogical material, contemporary books. O'Malley met King in the prison exercise yard, who bemoaned his fate that he was a political scapegoat, taking the blame for the government. Shibboleth / Open Athens technology is used to provide single sign-on between your institutions website and Oxford Academic. The Auxiliaries, officially known as the Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC) was a paramilitary unit of Irelands regular police force, the RIC. Two of the citys lord mayors, Thomas MacCurtain and Terence MacSwiney, both of whom were also local republican leaders, died in 1920: MacCurtain was shot dead in his bed by the RIC, and his successor, MacSwiney, died in Brixton prison after. A Special Constables (Ireland) Act had been passed in 1832 to permit their recruitment by magistrates during emergencies. The Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC) played a pivotal role in combating the Irish Republican Army (IRA) during the War of Independence. RT 2023. (Image: RT Archives,0508/026). So it was all over in Ireland for the ADRIC, next stop for many of them was Palestine and the Palestine Gendarmerie, with their old boss from Ireland H H Tudor now in charge in Palestine. Therefore about 61% of the men who served in ADRIC were commissioned 1917 or later., and only 4% had been commissioned before the outbreak of WW! That is to say: The Black and Tans were mostly British. Crozier was "permitted to Resign" over the reinstatement of the Trim Looters, that he had authorised, and Tudor had rescinded.- note that the original entry was 27 Feb, but has been altered to 19 Feb. EAA Wood took over as Commandant from this date.. 1921 Feb 25. None of them agree, but the movements were something like, 1922 Apr 12. 682 likes. Originally a Company was about 110 men and had 4 Platoons. The conclusions of a fuller analysis of Irish born recruits shows that of 182 (probably) Irish born members of the ADRIC. Corrections? Step 2: Note the service number or if the term cadet appears instead of a service number. The Auxiliaries - Tudor's Toughs, A study of the Auxiliary Division We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. From Z Coy I think it about 1 Jun 1921, 1921 Jul 10. Macready's committee rejected Churchill's proposal, but it was revived two months later, in July, by the Police Adviser to the Dublin Castle administration in Ireland, Major-General H H Tudor. The records of service stretch back to 1816, covering service in the Royal Irish Constabularys predecessors. They seem to have been unpopular with the British Army as well. They normally include the place of residence of the recipient. Crozier was back on duty by now. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. One can see this changeover from a surviving fragment of strength information , and the reduction to 3 Platoons per Company takes place from 18 Nov 1921. Download it once and read it on your Kindle device, PC, phones or tablets. Were they criminals ? So the maximum size of the ADRIC was just under 1500 men in the field at any one time.The Auxiliaries were then stationed in areas of high IRA activity. These records include information on: Find background information relating to the Royal Irish Constabulary at the National Archives of Ireland in Dublin. Accounts reach me from too many and too authoritative quarters to leave any doubt in my mind that the charges of drunkenness, looting and other acts of indiscipline are in too many cases substantially true [ This is] causing grave uneasiness in the public mind .. . RT Archives | War and Conflict | Auxiliary Thomas Mobey From 1920 to 1922, Royal Irish Constabulary Temporary Constables made up largely of ex-soldiers and commonly called the Black and Tans, were employed to suppress revolution in Ireland, alongside an Auxiliary Division (ADRIC) of former military officers. Auxiliary Division - Wikiwand After the disbandment of the service in 1922, pensions continued to be paid by the paymaster general in London, and the service records of members of the force passed to the Home Office which were subsequently transferred to The National Archives. The detailed analysis on those workings shows for the 90% of men whom I have a place of birth, their origins were roughly what one would have expected, if one removes the international births and reworks the percentages. They got instead mainly men who had been born into upper working class or lower middle class homes, and who had spent a considerable time in the ranks before being commissioned. Both groups wore a mixed uniform of British Army khaki and RIC dark green, although the Auxiliaries had their own insignia and typically wore Balmoral caps. During a raid in Dublin, F Coy ADRIC arrested two Irishmen, James Murphy and Patrick Kennedy. There extremely few examples of underage men, or bogus medals. The Auxiliaries were distinct from the so-called Black and Tans. 1920 Nov 19. Almost 2,300 served in the unit during the conflict. Royal Irish Constabulary | historical British security force Command and control of ADRIC companies was somewhat lax. They are also sometimes known as the Auxies. Companies were supplied with Crossley tenders to enhance their The majority were recruited in Scotland Yard Headquarters, London by Major Cyril Francis Fleming, County Inspector, RIC and Captain Francis Jackson, District Inspector, RIC. Analysis of 1744 death dates gives an average age of ADRIC men at 63 years old. [3] Churchill's proposal was referred to a committee chaired by General Sir Nevil Macready, Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in Ireland. The Royal Irish Constabulary Forum-Photos, stories and individual 'company' histories of the Auxies. DID YOU KNOW.? The members of this force were officially classed as 'temporary cadets'that is to say, temporary officer candidates. For this reason, I have not offered such an analysis. Two IRA men, Cornelius and Jerimiah Delaney, were killed in their beds at home in Dublin Hill (though Con Delaney survived to December 18). The two IRA prisoners Patrick Kennedy and James Murphy (both men may have been on the execution squads on Bloody Sunday) in the custody of 'F' company of the Auxiliaries were shot dead with pails on their heads and their bodies found at Clonturk Park, Drumcondra, Dublin. If you see Sign in through society site in the sign in pane within a journal: If you do not have a society account or have forgotten your username or password, please contact your society. Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. This guide will help you find records of the Royal Irish Constabulary, whether you are looking for records of people or policy, reports or correspondence or various kinds of other administrative records created by the service itself and by the governing department in Westminster. On 9 February 1921, James Murphy and Patrick Kennedy were arrested by Auxiliaries in Dublin. To produce a decent list of ADRIC recruits, one has to cross check all three registers to get agreement on his name. Auxiliary Division Royal Irish Constabulary - Facebook It is weakening seriously the hands of the executive. Public opinion, which is already unhappy, will swing round and withdraw its support from the policy which is now being pursued by the Government in Ireland. What was the Royal Irish Constabulary and how did it differ from the The Cork Fire Brigade did not have the resources to deal with the fires: law and order, it seemed, had completely broken down. As the war ramped up violence towards RIC constables became more present. On 19 February 1921, Commandant Crozier resigned after a dispute over discipline with the Police Adviser. The Auxiliaries meanwhile, were not particularly effective as a counter-insurgency force and often found themselves open to attack. Many had been highly decorated in the war and three, James Leach, James Johnson, and George Onions, had been awarded the Victoria Cross. 1920 Dec 11. The Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary was a para-military police unit, which with very few exceptions, accepted only ex-officers from the British Army (or one of the Empire armies). The first recruits to the ADRIC arrived in Ireland at the end of July 1920, after a six week training course in The Curragh, they became operational in September. It operated semi-independently of the RIC and was mainly deployed to southern and western regions where fighting was heaviest. He was replaced by his assistant, Brigadier-General Edward Allan Wood, who commanded the Division until it was demobilised. Divided into companies (eventually 21 of them), each heavily armed and highly mobile, they operated in ten counties, mostly in the south and west, where Irish Republican Army activity was greatest. Since company commanders (District Inspector 1st class) were equal in rank to senior RIC district inspectors, they took orders only from county inspectors, divisional commissioners, and their own commandant, The term "officer" applies to men who held the rank of District Inspector (class 1 or 2 or 3). As well as FHW Guard, S Fenner , FJ Richards and AT Barker were posted to Holyhead to control the demobilisation. and six members of the Representative Body of the Auxiliary Division, duly accredited for that purpose which gave the operational in September 1920. What is available today boils down to two registers, one alphabetic and one numeric , which disagree on men's ADRIC service number in many cases, and even on essentials like initials or regiment. The only notable exception is the relatively low number of DSO, where one would have expected to see about 50 to 70 DSOs, but only 19 ADRIC men held DSOs - the ADRIC was not attracting ex-senior officers in proportion. If we look at the men born in Ireland who joined the ADRIC, they are weighted towards Ulster and Leinster born, and perhaps not surprisingly towards Protestants. There are a small number of pension records unavailable online covering pensions awarded in the final few years of the RICs existence: A list of superannuations awarded to police in Ireland before the unified force was created was published in 1832 in House of Commons Sessional Papers 1831-1832, XXVI 465. This analysis sets out to answer the question "Who were the Auxiliaries?". Assistant Under-Secretary Churchill's proposal was referred to a committee chaired by General Sir Neville Macready, Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in Ireland. Even though Royal Irish Constabulary service records were passed onto the Home Office in London, it is still possible to find other information in Ireland. Hart was arrested and court-martialled. This appears to have been conscientiously done, in as much as one finds letters on officers files in The National Archives showing that it had been carried out. If you cannot sign in, please contact your librarian. It all began with a Cabinet meeting on 11 May 1920, the Secretary of State for War, Winston Churchill, suggested the formation of a "Special Emergency Gendarmerie, which would become a branch of the Royal Irish Constabulary." While the Black and Tans and the Auxiliaries did fulfil their purpose in bolstering the ranks of the RIC and taking the fight to the IRA on many occasions, their brutality and use of reprisals turned the civilian population more towards republicanism and as more awareness was drawn to the repressive policy in Ireland, the British government came under increasing pressure from home and abroad to settle the Irish question. The Royal Irish Constabulary ( RIC, Irish: Constblacht Roga na hireann; simply called the Irish Constabulary 1836-67) was the police force in Ireland from 1822 until 1922, when all of the country was part of the United Kingdom. 2 Section, 'C' Company, Auxiliary Division Royal Irish Constabulary, 28 November 1920 The Auxiliary division were commonly confused as the Black and Tans, but the Auxiliaries were a much more elite force. This was a major move in sorting out the command and control of companies, Each man had a rifle, bayonet, revolver. The Auxiliaries wore a similar uniform to the Black and Tans but had their own insignia and wore Balmoral caps. A 2nd Lt in the Army would have got 16/- a day in comparison. To a certain extent it depends on what you mean by an officer. As war was never officially declared, and a countrywide state of martial law was never brought in (martial law was declared in December 1920, but it only applied to certain counties), the military was confined to a supporting role and the RIC were charged with the task of restoring law and order and curbing the actions of the guerrilla units of the IRA. rank of 2nd Class District Inspectors. When he was promoted to ADRIC commander in Feb 1921 following Crozier's resignation, Lt-Col F H W Guard became 2nd in command from Company commander of D Coy in Galway, 1920 Oct 28 to Nov 8. In a letter ((House of Lords Record Office, Lloyd George papers, F/19/3/4) to Hamar Greenwood, the Irish chief Secretary, the Prime Ministers hard line in private contrasted with his public assurances and also linked indiscipline in Ireland with public opinion. [2] Recruitment began in Great Britain in January 1920 and about 10,000 men enlisted during the conflict. On 15 April 1921, Captain Roy Mackinnon, commanding officer of H Company ADRIC, was assassinated by the Kerry IRA.[13]. Once I had that list in place, which I do now, then it became easier to place the right information in the right places. The Royal Irish Constabulary had always been a force of Irish police, recruited in Ireland. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide, This PDF is available to Subscribers Only. However, while the authorities often turned a blind eye to reprisals, they were less tolerant of crimes against "civilians" - loyal and non-political people. Tudor wrote to the Times. Royal Irish Constabulary - Wikipedia Their colloquial name derived from the makeshift uniforms they were issued because of a shortage of RIC uniformsgreen police tunics and khaki military trousers, which together resembled the distinctive markings of a famous pack of, elite Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC). The following day, Tuesday 8 May 1945, was declared 'Victory in Europe' (VE) Day, and marked the formal end of the European war. The Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) was formed as a result of the Irish Constabulary (Ireland) Act 1836 and was responsible for keeping the peace in Ireland, though not of Dublin which retained its own police force, the Dublin Metropolitan Police. There were then 3 Sections per Platoon. The Auxies acted as a mobile striking force and raiding group against the IRA. Choose this option to get remote access when outside your institution. Of those that joined the ADRIC 228 had MCs - an average of 1 in 10, which was true also of all WW1 officers as a group. He has submitted a memorial which is at the present time under consideration. The Auxiliaries and the RIC as a whole were disbanded in early 1922, following the Anglo-Irish Treaty. Access to the online and microfilm copies is free of charge if you are searching at our building in Kew. Indeedaside from the mixed uniforms they wore at first, their Britishness was their most distinctive characteristic. Auxiliary Division Royal Irish Constabulary. So, during 2006 I set myself a goal to discover . mobility and their tasks included mounting raids and searches for arms, Step 6: Using a microfilm reader, scroll through the reel: Browse an incomplete set of transcriptions of service recordson the websiteIreland: Genealogy Project Archives. This paper explores who the recruits were: - their family backgrounds, their age, their medals (most claimed medals were in fact correct, but a small number did claim medals that they never were awarded), their rank on leaving the army, their date of birth, their age at death, what happened to then after leaving the ADRIC, and that vexed question of criminal records. So it is not surprising that it has been difficult to get a complete list of recruits to the ADRIC. There were based on the ferry Galtee More, which was moored alongside at Holyhead, Galtee More used on paying off the ADRIC at Holyhead, 1922 Jan 16. There were at a maximum 17 "normal" ADRIC companies in the field with about 81 men each. Promotion from 2nd.Lt to Lt was automatic in the British Army after 18months as a 2nd.Lt, Only 17% of ADRIC recruits had held the rank of Captain or higher, 1 man got 7 years and a flogging for armed robbery, The majority were for fraud (or similar offences) and received under 12 months goal, 1 Platoon from A Coy was transferred on 23 Nov 1921 to J Coy - 24 men, 1 Platoon from B Coy was transferred on 23 Nov 1921 to J Coy - 23 men, 1 Platoon from C Coy was transferred to L Coy, 1 Platoon from D Coy was transferred to M Coy, 1 Platoon from E Coy was transferred on 26 & 27 Nov to K Coy- 36 men, 1 Platoon from F Coy was transferred on 19 Nov to J Coy - 26 men, 1 Platoon from G Coy was transferred to N Coy, 1 Platoon from H Coy was transferred on 18 Nov to I coy - 25 men, Auxiliary Division Company Commanders also held the rank of 1st Class R.I.C. What happened once the war ended? Recruitment began in January 1920, with the first set of reinforcements arriving in Ireland soon after and distributed to barracks across the country to serve alongside the traditional RIC. The vast majority of the Auxiliaries were in the middle, and were men who had only become British officers because of the need for more officers as WW1 progressed. Each company had 16 Winchester repeating rifles and 4 Lewis guns. At least 126 men who joined ADRIC received, 16 various other non-commissioned men. Originally there was a nominal six-week course on policing at the RICs Curragh training centre, the first ADRIC Companies became 2 Section, 'C' Company, Auxiliary Division Royal Irish Constabulary, 28 November 1920 - Nelson - 2014 - Historical Research - Wiley Online Library Historical Research Article Free Access 'The other boys of Kilmichael': No. A personal account can be used to get email alerts, save searches, purchase content, and activate subscriptions. 'The other boys of Kilmichael': No. 2 Section, 'C' Company, Auxiliary H Coy formed with first intake of 60, 1920 Nov 6. police force, renamed the Royal Irish Constabulary in 1867, had carried the burden of policing in Ireland, and after 1916 it bore the brunt of escalating republican intimidation and violence. The ADRIC should not be confused with the "Black & Tans", which was made up of ex-British Other Ranks and served as part of the RIC, being used to bolster normal RIC numbers. 1921 Feb 19. Some were RAF flight cadets who were not commissioned (though others did apply for, The latest commissions were 136 post war commissions (including the 126 commissions on discharge), Lt was the rank that had been held by the majority of ADRIC men. v3.0, age (but not full date of birth nor information about parents), reference numbers quoted refer to papers which have not survived, Browsing by service number: select a piece from the general register in, Browsing by date of appointment: among the four volumes with references between, By service number if your piece number is between HO 184/1 and HO 184/43 the register records the service history of constables up to the point before they became officers (or their entire service if they were not promoted to an officer rank); the record should indicate the date of appointment if they became an officer and in these cases there may be a second record in HO 184/45-48 (go back to step 3), By date of appointment if your piece number is between HO 184/45 and HO 184/48, Fifteen files documenting pensions and allowances awarded to RIC members and their dependents, including those who served as temporary constables (Black and Tans) after 1919 search by name in, Two files containing pension options for Royal Irish Constabulary servicemen offered when the service was disbanded in 1922 are in, establishments circulars and instructions, Correspondence with the Treasury in series, A memorandum on the training and organisation of the force in 1905 in file, Papers relating to RIC involvement in combating the disturbances throughout Ireland between 1916 and 1922 in series, Information about the expenditure on the force for the period 1920-1922 can be found in, Other administrative material can be found in Treasury Board Papers in series, Correspondence of the secretary to the governor of Northern Ireland are in series. Ranks held in the Armed Forces. Past researchers have had to use just a sample of the recruits (for example using men who joined in a given month, or within a range of service numbers: an approach that has various statistical weaknesses). Those who survived Ireland mainly lived until their 70s or 80s, Perhaps in theory a solution to the policing problems in Ireland but an interview with Crozier soon after his resignation from ADRIC, pinpoints the problem of bad discipline and bad company commanders as hindering their work. These were also former British soldiers who were recruited into the RIC, but served as regular constables. Please keep all posts to the subject of the ADRIC or the period of the Irish War of Independence. Royal Ulster Constabulary - Wikipedia Catalogue search results provide short descriptions of our records and a document reference for each one you will need the document reference to see the record itself. It was founded on 1 June 1922 as a successor to the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) [2] following the partition of Ireland. ADRIC contingent were under the command of T Mitchel, 1920 Nov 8 to 17. Six months later, by the summer of 1920 the number of dead policemen had more than doubled. [17] At 7:30p.m. that evening, a truckload of Auxiliaries from newly formed K Company was ambushed at Dillons Cross: a grenade was thrown onto their truck, wounding ten Auxiliaries and killing one, Temporary Cadet Spencer Chapman. [11] In his memoirs, the commandant of the Clare IRA, Michael Brennan, describes how the Auxiliaries nearly captured him three nights in a row. You do not currently have access to this chapter. While they are not of especially great station, they are capable warriors fighting in the Celtic manner, in a motley combination of Hellenic and Celtic gear and dress: long Celtic shields, a Greek helmet, a Celtic sword, and javelins. R.I. C., and its members, though officially referred to as 'cadets', were popularly called Auxiliaries or Auxis, a denomination which suggests a kind of subconscious analogy with their I.R.A. Enter your library card number to sign in. Now that the conflict was over and the R.I.C. [19] Concerned that parallels would be made between this case and the killing of Francis Sheehy-Skeffington, the British Cabinet directed that Hart should be examined by at least two medical experts, a highly unusual intervention. Author: Paul O'Brien. Search The National Archives library catalogue to see what is available to consult at Kew. After describing the Division's origins and growth, the chapter examines the men who joined the Division, using another cluster sample obtained from the Division's personnel records. The Royal Irish Constabulary Forum - The Auxiliary Division RIC It also examines the "officer corps", the men who made it to DI1, DI2 or DI3. Select your institution from the list provided, which will take you to your institution's website to sign in. The Auxiliary Division of the Royal Irish Constabulary was perhaps the most extreme example of this conflict's tendency toward liminality. And that his father was a shopkeeper or tradesman. According to Crozier this was to enable more companies to be put into the field quickly. T/Cadet Reynolds who was in the pay of the IRA and later joined the Irish Army, says in this notes that are included in Collins Papers,that of the Auxiliaries "some were very good and about 10% were bad eggs" . Of the 168 born outside the UK, 50 were in India, 26 in Africa, 21 in Europe, 15 in USA, 13 in Australia, 12 in Canada, 11 in West Indies, 7 in New Zealand and the remaining 12 from a variety of countries. Five civilians were shot on the streets. 2,200 men saw action with the Auxiliaries during the War of Independence. The Auxiliary Division of the RIC A little more than two months later, on 2 February 1921, another platoon of Auxiliaries was ambushed by Sen MacEoin and the Longford IRA in the Clonfin Ambush. The only way I could see to open Pandora's Box on the ADRIC and research them properly was to examine the backgrounds of all the men who signed up for the ADRIC and arrive at a proper searchable, alphabetic, index of them all. [2] During a Cabinet meeting on 11 May 1920, the Secretary of State for War, Winston Churchill, suggested the formation of a "Special Emergency Gendarmerie, which would become a branch of the Royal Irish Constabulary". Although the 1921 Anglo Irish Treaty required the Irish Free State to assume responsibility for the pensions of RIC members, the Auxiliaries were explicitly excluded from this provision. My analysis shows that the typical recruit was, You could conclude that the average recruit was an Lieutenant in the British Army, aged about 30. Trim Looting incident which led to Crozier resigning, 1921 Feb 8. The RIC uniform was dark green but appeared to be black and the army uniform was khaki these black and tan colours led to their nickname. Pic: Hulton-Deutsch Collection/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images. the ex-RAF officers in ADRIC numbered 426. his father had been a shopkeeper or a tradesman, 108 men who served in the ADRIC were convicted of criminal offences, all incidents in which the ADRIC were involved. Both forces were involved in reprisals against locals. Nothing in researching the ADRIC is straight forward. Unlike the ordinary members of the RIC, Auxiliaries, Black and Tans, and G Division officers were armed. Rice noodle with broccoli, Chinese broccoli ladled in savory gravy. Divided into companies (eventually fifteen of them), each about one hundred strong, heavily armed and highly mobile, they operated in ten counties, mostly in the south and west, where Irish Republican Army (IRA) activity was greatest. These former officers, like the Black and Tans, were mostly First World War veterans, including those who had served in the Royal Flying Corps. For a large number of those years I often heard and read disparaging remarks from various sources about the Auxiliary Division Royal Irish Constabulary (ADRIC) but could not find a publication about them. The Report of the Labour Commission to Ireland put it bluntly: Things are being done in the name of Britain which must make her name stink in the nostrils of the whole world.. As far as I can ascertain, this six weeks was cut as the ADRIC became established and men went straight to their allotted Company after 4 or 5 days in Dublin. Canon Magner murder by T/C Hart, 1921 Jan 22. Access to content on Oxford Academic is often provided through institutional subscriptions and purchases. The "Truce" came into effect between the British and the IRA.
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